Welcome to PIJ’s first issue for 2025! As we embark on a new year, we are all experiencing rapid change and uncertainty as to what lies ahead. In this swiftly evolving climate, our established norms may be challenged, forcing us as individuals to reevaluate our path through the chaos. It is common to refer to the term chaos to describe random, unpredictable events, but in the world of science, Chaos Theory posits that within the perceived randomness of chaotic systems there are underlying patterns and a sense of interconnectedness. The butterfly effect famously exemplifies this theory; the idea that a


